In-situ imaging of electrochemical reactions in liquid environments

Magnetic properties imaging by sensing magnetic forces between a magnetized AFM tip oscillating above the sample surface

Chemical and compositional nano-imaging by detecting photothermal-induced tip–sample forces at specific infrared absorption frequencies

Localized electrochemical characterization employing a nanopipette as an electrochemical cell to map chemical reactivity

Non-contact topographical imaging using a nanopipette to measure ion current changes, mapping surface structure via ion conductance feedback without physical contact

Combines SICM with SECM for simultaneous surface topography and electrochemical activity imaging

Thermal conductivity and temperature distribution imaging at the nanoscale using a nanothermal probe